Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, dhoofinta gawaarida Shiinaha ayaa sii waday inay ku dhufatay sare. Sanadkii 2023, Shiinaha ayaa ka sarreeya Japan oo wuxuu noqon doonaa japan oo noqon doona dhoofinta gawaarida ugu weyn adduunka oo leh mugga dhoofinta ee 4.91 milyan oo gaadiid ah. Laga soo bilaabo Luulyo sannadkan, mugga isu-dejinta dalkayga dhoofinta ee daloolka ee gawaarida ayaa gaadhay 3.262 milyan oo unug, oo ah sanad-sano-sano jir ah oo ah 28.8%. Waxay sii wadaysaa sidii loo joogsan lahaa daqiiqadaha koriimadeeda oo si adag u xajiya sida dalka ugu dhoofinta adduunka ee ugu weyn adduunka.
Dhoofinta gawaarida ee dalkayga waxaa xukuma gawaarida rakaabka ah. Mugga isu-saelidda ee isugeynta toddobada bilood ee ugu horreeya waxay ahayd 2.738 milyan oo cutub, oo ay ku xisaabtamaan 84% wadarta, dayactirka laba-nambar-nambar ah in ka badan 30%.
Marka laga hadlayo nooca korantada, gawaarida shidaalka dhaqameedku wali waa xoogga ugu weyn ee dhoofinta. Toddobada bilood ee ugu horreeya, mugga isu-imaatinka isugeynta waxay ahayd 2.554 milyan oo gawaarida, sanad-sano oo kordhay oo ah 34.6%. Marka la barbardhigo, mugga isu-dejinta ee gawaarida cusub ee tamarta cusub inta lagu jiro isla muddadaas waxay ahayd 708,000 cutub, oo ah muddo sanad-sano ah 11.4%. Heerka koritaanka ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacay, oo tabarucaadda guud ee dhoofinta gawaarida ayaa hoos u dhacday.
Waxaa xusid mudan in in 2023 iyo ka hor, gawaarida tamarta cusub ay ahaayeen xoogga ugu weyn ee wadista dhoofinta gawaarida ee dalkayga. Sanadkii 2023, dhoofinta gawaarida ee dalkaygu waxay noqon doontaa 4.91 milyan oo cutub, oo ah sanad-sannadeedka 57.9%, oo ka sarreeya heerka koritaanka gawaarida shidaalka, badiyaa waxay u egtahay kobaca sanadka cusub ee tamarta cusub. Shukaansi ilaa 2020, dhoofinta gaariga cusub ee tamarta ayaa sii waday heerka koritaanka in ka badan labanlaab, iyada oo mugga dhoofinta sanadlaha ah ay ka boodaan wax ka yar 100,000 oo gawaarida ilaa 680,000 gawaarida 2022.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, heerka koritaanka ee dhoofinta gaariga cusub ee tamarta ayaa gaabisay sanadkaan, kaas oo saameyn ku yeeshay guud ahaan hawshayda guud ee shirkaddayda. In kasta oo mugga dhoofinta guud uu weli kororsan yahay ku dhawaad 30% sanadka, waxay muujisay hoos udhac ah bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil ah. Xogta Luulyo waxay muujineysaa in dhoofinta gawaarida ee dalkeygu ay kordheen 19.6% sanadka-sano oo uu hoos u dhacay 3.2% bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil-bil ah.
Gaar ah baabuurta cusub ee tamarta, in kasta oo mugga dhoofinta uu sii wado laba-nambar-lambar oo ah 11% toddobada bilood ee ugu horreysa ee sannadkan, ayaa si aad ah ugu hooseysay kororka isla muddadaas isla sanadkii la soo dhaafay. Hal sano gudaheed, in dalka oo keliya dhoofinta cusub ee tamarta ee waddankaygu ay la kulmeen isbadal oo weyn. Sabab?
Dhoofinta gawaarida tamarta cusub ayaa gaabis ah
Bishii Luulyo ee sannadkan, dhoofinta cusub ee tamarta ee waddankaygu gaartay 103,000 cutub, oo ah sanad-sannado ah oo keliya 2.2%, iyo heerka koritaanka ayaa sii gaabiyay. Marka la barbardhigo, inta badan mugga billaha ah ee billaha ah ka hor bisha Juun wali waa la ilaaliyaa heerka koritaanka sanad-sano-sano jir ah in ka badan 10%. Si kastaba ha noqotee, isbeddelka koritaanka ee labanlaab ee iibka billaha ah ee uu caadi u ahaa sanadkii la soo dhaafay mar dambe dib uma soo bixin.
Samaynta ifafaaledan waxay afgembiday arrimo badan. Marka ugu horreysa, kororka weyn ee saldhiga dhoofinta ee gawaarida tamarta cusub ayaa saameyn ku yeeshay waxqabadka kobaca. Sanadkii 2020, mugga cusub ee tamarta dhoofinta ee waddankaygu waxay noqon doontaa qiyaastii 100,000 oo cutub. Saldhigga ayaa yar oo heerka koritaanka ayaa sahlan in la muujiyo. Marka la gaaro 2023, mugga dhoofinta ayaa ku booday 1.203 milyan oo gawaarida. Balaadhinta saldhigga ayaa adkaata in la ilaaliyo heerka koritaanka sare, oo gaabis ah ee heerka koritaanka sidoo kale waa macquul.
Marka labaad, isbedelada siyaasadaha ee dalalka dhoofinta ee dhoofinta ayaa saameeyay dhoofinta gaariga cusub ee tamarta ee dalkayga.
Marka loo eego xogta ka socota maamulka guud ee kastamyada, Beljamka, iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ayaa ahaa seddexda ugu sareysa ee gawaarida tamarta cusub ee dalkayga qeybtii hore ee sannadkan. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waddamada Yurub sida Spain iyo Jarmalka ayaa sidoo kale ah suuqyo muhiim u ah dhoofinta tamarta cusub ee dalkayga. Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, iibinta dalkayga ee dalkayga ee gawaarida tamarta cusub ee loo dhoofiyay Yurub waxay ku xisaabtantay qiyaastii 40% wadarta guud. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sannadkan, iibinta waddamada xubnaha ka ah EU guud ahaan waxay muujiyeen isbeddel xagga hoose ah, oo ku dhacaya ilaa 30%.
Arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee keenta xaaladani waa baaritaanka ka-hortagga Midowga Yurub ee gawaarida korantada ee dalkeyga laga keeno. Laga bilaabo Luulyo 5, Midowga Yurub wuxuu ku soo rogi doonaa lacag dhan 17.4% illaa 37.6% oo lagu soo dejiyo gawaarida korantada saafiga ah ee ka yimaada Shiinaha iyadoo lagu saleynayo khafiifinta 10% ee caadiga ah, oo leh muddo ah 4 bilood. Nidaamkan ayaa si toos ah u soo ifbaxayaa iibka gaadhiga korantada korantada ee Shiinaha ee loo dhoofiyay Yurub, kaasoo ay saameyn ku yeelatay guud ahaan waxqabadka dhoofinta.
Ku dheji digtooyinka mashiinka cusub ee koritaanka
In kasta oo dalkaygu baabuurta korantada ee saafiga ahi ay gaadheen laba-lambar oo koriinka laba-lambar ah ee Aasiya, South America iyo waqooyiga Ameerika, oo ah dhoofinta gawaarida korantada ee saafiga ah waxay muujiyeen hoos u dhac xagga sare ah ee suuqyada Yurub iyo Diyaaradda.
Xogta ayaa muujinaya in qeybtii hore ee 2024, dhoofinta gawaarida ee saafiga ah ee Group-ka ah ay gaareen Yurub waxay ahaayeen 303,000 cutub, oo ah sanad-sannadeedka 16%; Dhoofinta u dhoofinta Oceania waxay ahayd 43,000 cutub, oo ah sanad-sannadeedka 19%. Isbeddellada hoose ee labada suuqyada waaweyn ee waaweyn ayaa sii socda si ay u balaariyaan. Waxaas ay saameeyeen tan, in dalkayga la dhoofiyo ayaa hoos u dhacay afar bilood oo isku xigta tan iyo bishii Maarso, iyadoo hoos u dhac ku yimid 2.4% ilaa 16.7%.
Dhoofinta guud ee loo dhoofiyo gawaarida tamarta cusub ee toddobada bilood ee ugu horreeya ayaa wali sii wata kobaca laba-lambar, badiyaa sababtuna tahay waxqabadka xoogga leh ee 'Hybrid' (Hyp-ee Hyb-ku-xirida). Bishii Luulyo, mugga dhoofinta ee Beelaha ee Glopids wuxuu gaadhay 27,000 oo gawaarida, sanad-sano-sano-sano-sano jir ah; Mugga isu-saelidda ee isugeynta toddobada bilood ee ugu horreysa waxay ahayd 154,000 baabuur, oo sanad-sano ah oo korortay 1.8 jeer.
Qiyaasta khafiifinta ee Beelaha ee dhoofinta Gawaarida cusub ayaa ka booday 8% sanadkii hore, si tartiib tartiib ah u beddela gawaarida korantada saafiga ah sida ugu weyn ee loo dhoofiyo dawada cusub ee tamarta.
Moodooyinka isku-dhafka ah ayaa muujinaya koboc deg deg ah gobollo badan. Qeybtii hore ee sanadka, dhoofinta Aasiya waxay ahaayeen 36,000 oo gawaadhi ah, sanad-sano jir ah oo ah 2.9 jeer oo dheeraad ah; South America waxay ahayd 69,000 gawaarida, oo korodhay 3.2 jeer; Ilaa waqooyiga Ameerika waxay ahaayeen 21,000 oo gawaarida, sanad-sano-sano-sano jir ah 11.6 jeer. Kobaca adag ee gobolladaas si wax ku ool ah ayaa wax ku ool ah u qeexaya saameynta hoos u dhigga Yurub iyo Oceania.
Kororka iibka ee ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Shiineys-ku-abuurka ee Shiineeska ee suuqyada badan ee adduunka oo badan ayaa si dhaw ula xiriirta waxqabadka qiimaha ugu fiican iyo wax ku oolnimada. Marka la barbar dhigo moodallada korantada saafiga ah, tusaalayaasha hybrid-ga leh waxay leeyihiin qarashka wax soo saarka baabuurta, iyo faa iidooyinka inay awoodaan in la isticmaalo labadaba saliida iyo korantada waxay u saamaxdaa inay daboolaan xaalado badan oo loo adeegsado xaalado badan.
Warshadaha guud ahaan waxay aaminsan yihiin in tikniyoolajiyadda Beelaha ay ku leedahay rajo ballaaran oo ku saabsan suuqa cusub ee tamarta ee adduunka oo la filayo inuu xawaare ku hayo gawaarida korantada saafiga ah oo uu noqdo laf dhabarta dhoofinta tamarta cusub ee Shiinaha.
Waqtiga Post: Agoosto-13-2024