Dhibaatada "gabowga" waa meel kasta oo kale. Hadda waa qaybta batteriga.
"Tiro badan oo baytariyada gaariga tamarta cusub ayaa laga yaabaa inay dammaanaddooda ku dhacayaan sideed sano ee soo socota, waana mid deg deg ah in la xalliyo dhibaatada nolosha batteriga." Dhawaan, Li biir, gudoomiyaha iyo agaasime ee Nio, ayaa marar badan ka digay in haddii arrintan si sax ah loo maarayn karin, kharashyada weyn ee mustaqbalka lagu hayo si loo xalliyo dhibaatooyinka ku xiga.
Suuqa batteriga korantada, sanadkaan waa sanad gaar ah. Sanadka 2016, dalkeygu wuxuu hirgaliyay 8 sano ama 120,000-kiiloomitir damaanad damaanad ah baytariyada tamarta cusub. Maalmahan, baytariyada baabuurta cusub ee tamarta ee la iibsaday sanadka ugu horreeya ee siyaasaddu waxay ku soo dhowaanayaan ama gaaraan dhamaadka muddada damaanada. Xogta ayaa muujineysa in sideedii sano ee soo socota, wadarta in ka badan 19 milyan oo gawaarida cusub ee tamarta cusub ay si tartiib tartiib ah u galin doonaan wareegga batteriga.
Shirkadaha gaariga ee raba inay sameeyaan ganacsiga baytariga, kani waa suuq aan la seegin.
Sannadkii 1995, gaariga cusub ee tamarta ee dalkayga ayaa laga duubay khadka Golaha - baska saamiga saafiga ah ee lagu magac daray "Yuanwang". 20-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay tan iyo markaa, warshadaha cusub ee tamarta ee tamarta ee dalka ayaa si tartiib ah u soo saaray.
Sababtoo ah buuqa ayaa aad u yar oo inta badan ka shaqeeya gawaarida, isticmaaleyaashu wali ma awoodin inay ku raaxaystaan heerarka dammaanadda qaran ee midaysan ee "wadnaha" gawaarida tamarta cusub - batteriga. Gobollada qaarkood, magaalooyinka ama shirkadaha gaariga ayaa sidoo kale dejiyay heerar gawaarida korantada, badankood waxay bixiyaan 5 sano ama 100,000 kilomitir, laakiin xoogga xirashada ma ahan mid xoog badan.
Ma ahayn ilaa 2015 in waddankeyga iibinta sanadlaha ah ee baabuurta cusub ee tamarta cusub ay bilaabeen inay ka badnaadaan 300,000 calaamadda, inay noqdaan ciidan cusub oo aan la iska indhatiri karin. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, dowladdu waxay bixisaa "lacag dhan" lacag dhab ah "sida kabista tamarta cusub iyo ka dhaafitaanka canshuurta iibsashada si kor loogu qaado horumarinta tamarta cusub, iyo shirkadaha gaariga iyo bulshada sidoo kale ay ka wada shaqeeyaan.
Sanadka 2016, siyaasada loo yaqaan 'Brotry Pullie Pratuty Pullion Partny Partify' ayaa timid. Waqtiga damaanada ee 8 sano ama 120,000 kiiloomitir ayaa aad uga dheer 3 sano ama 60,000 kilomitir oo mashiinka ah. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo siyaasada iyo tixgelinta la siinayo bixinta iibka tamarta cusub, qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha gawaarida qaarkood waxay kordhiyeen mudada dammaanadda illaa 240,000 kiiloomitir ama xitaa damaanad nololeed. Tani waxay u dhigantaa in la siiyo macaamiisha doonaya inay iibsadaan gawaarida tamarta cusub "dib-u-xaqiijin".
Tan iyo markaas, suuqa cusub ee tamarta ee dalka ayaa soo galay marxalad koritaan laba-geesood ah, iyadoo la iibinayo hal milyan oo gawaarida gawaarida tamarta cusub ee leh 19 sano jir, 6.5 milyan oo kordhay, toddobo sano ka hor.
Sida caadiga ah, laga bilaabo 2035 ilaa 2032, tirada gawaarida tamarta cusub ee leh dammaanadaha batteriga dhaca ayaa waliba kordhin doona sanad, laga bilaabo 320,000 ilaa 7.33 milyan. Biin ayaa tilmaamay sanadka soo socda, isticmaaleyaashu waxay la kulmi doonaan dhibaatooyin ay ka mid yihiin batteriga korantada damaanada, "batariyaasha gaariga waxay leeyihiin nololeed kala duwan oo nololeed oo kala duwan" iyo kharashyo badal batteriga ah.
Ifafaalehaani wuxuu noqon doonaa mid aad uga cad dufcadaha hore ee gawaarida tamarta cusub. Waqtigaas, tikniyoolajiyadda batariga, hanaanka wax soo saarka, iyo adeegyada iibka ee ka dib aan qaan gaarin ku filan, taasoo keentay xasilloonida wax soo saarka liita. Qiyaastii 2017, wararka dab-damiska korantada korantada ayaa soo ifbaxay mid kale kadib. Mawduuca nabdoonaanta batteriga ayaa noqday mowduuc kulul oo ka mid ah warshadaha waxayna sidoo kale saameeyeen kalsoonida macaamiisha ee iibsashada gawaarida tamarta cusub.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, guud ahaan waxaa la rumeysan yahay warshadaha in nolosha batteriga ay guud ahaan qiyaastii tahay 3-5 sano, oo nolosha adeegga ee gaariga uu ka badan yahay 5 sano. Batteriga ayaa ah qaybta ugu qaalisan ee gaari cusub oo tamar ah, guud ahaan xisaabaadka qiyaastii 30% wadarta qiimaha gaariga.
Nio waxay bixisaa lacag bixin qiimo jaban oo loogu talagalay baaqadaha ka dib iibka buugaagta ee gawaarida tamarta cusub. Tusaale ahaan, awooda batteriga ee koodhka korantada ee korantada saafiga ah ee la yiraahdo "a" waa 96.1kw, qiimaha batteriga ay ka badan tahay 233,000 yuan. Laba nooc oo dheeri ah oo leh awood batari oo ku saabsan 40kw, qarashka beddelka batteriga waa in ka badan 80,000 yuan. Xitaa moodellada hybrid oo leh awood koronto oo aan ka badnayn 30kh, qarashka beddelka baytariga ayaa ku dhow 60,000 yuan.
"Qaar ka mid ah moodooyinka soosaarka saaxiibtinimo ayaa ordaya 1 milyan kiiloomitir, laakiin seddex batari ayaa la sheegay," ayuu yiri Biin. Qiimaha lagu beddelayo sedex baytari ayaa ka badan qiimaha gaariga laftiisa.
Haddii qiimaha lagu beddelayo batari loo beddelay 60,000 yuan, markaa 19.5 milyan oo gawaarida cusub ee gawaarida tamarta oo la daadgureeyo Shirkadaha macdanta mintream litherem to Shiplem Lithium-ka dhexdhexaadka ah ee tamarta u dhigma labadaba dhexda guud iyo shirkadaha gawaarida hoos u dhaca iyo ganacsatada iibka, dhammaantood way ka faa'iideysan doonaan tan.
Haddii shirkaduhu rabaan inay helaan wax badan oo ka mid ah pie, waa inay u tartamaan inay arkaan cidda qaadi kara batari cusub oo sifiican u qaban kara "Quluub" ee macaamiisha.
Siddeedda sano ee soo socota, ku dhawaad 20 Milyan baytariyada gaadiidka ayaa geli doona wareegga bedelka. Shirkadaha batteriga iyo shirkadaha gaariga oo dhami waxay rabaan inay qabtaan "ganacsiga".
Sida qaabka kala duwan ee loo maro horumarinta tamarta cusub, shirkado badan ayaa sidoo kale cadeeyay in tikniyoolajiyadda batarigu ay sidoo kale qaataan qaab-dhismeedka batariga sida fosfooraska lithatphate, tithium lithosphate, stomi-sedex-adag, iyo gobolka adkaanta oo dhan. Marxaladan, lithium-ka birta iyo patters litheaut-ka tornary lithium waa mid guud, oo ku saabsan ku dhawaad 99% wadarta wax soo saarka.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, la-ekaanta batariga heerka qaranku ma dhaafi karo 20% inta lagu guda jiro muddada damaanada, waxayna u baahan tahay in muuqaalka awoodda uusan ka badneyn 80% ka dib 1000 oo lacag buuxa ah iyo wareegga dheecaanka.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, isticmaalka dhabta ah, way adag tahay in la buuxiyo shuruudahan sababta oo ah saamaynta heerkulka hooseeya iyo heerkulka sare ee heerkulka sare iyo bixinta. Xogta ayaa muujineysa in hadda, baytariyada badankood ay leeyihiin kaliya 70% caafimaad inta lagu gudajiro mudada dammaanadda. Mar alla markii batteriga ay ka hooseyso 70%, wax qabadkeeda ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhici doonta, waayo-aragnimada isticmaalaha ayaa si weyn saameyn ugu yeelan doonta, iyo dhibaatooyinka badbaadada ayaa soo bixi doona.
Sida ku xusan Weilai, hoos u dhaca nolosha batteriga ayaa inta badan la xidhiidha caadooyinka isticmaalka milkiilayaasha gawaarida iyo "hanashada" kaydinta baabuurta "ee" kaydinta "kaydinta gawaarida" xisaabaadka 85%. Xirfadlayaasha qaar ayaa fasiray in dadka badan ee tamarta cusub ee maanta ay caadaysteen inay si dhakhso ah u isticmaalaan tamar, laakiin adeegsiga soo noqnoqda ee soo noqnoqda ayaa dardar gelinaya batteriga oo gaagaaban nolosha batteriga.
Liin ayaa aaminsan in 2024 uu yahay waqti aad u muhiim ah. "Waa lagama maarmaan in la sameeyo qorshe nolosha ka wanaagsan ee nolosha ee loogu talagalay dadka isticmaala, warshadaha oo dhan, iyo xitaa bulshada oo dhan."
Ilaa iyo inta horumarka joogtada ah ee tikniyoolajiyadda bataridu ay quseyso, qaabeynta baytariyada nolosha dheer ayaa ku habboon suuqa. Waxa loogu yeero batteriga cimriga dheer, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "batteriga aan muuqan", badanaa batariyada dareeraha ah ee jira (badiyaa baytariyada loo yaqaan 'lithout lithout' iyo tudukaasi carbonates ah) oo ay ku hayaan agabyada 'NANO-Geedlo' ee 'NETOBOSE' oo lagu daahi karo buugaagta. Taasi waa, qalabka korantada saxda ah lagu daro "lithium resure", iyo sheyga elektrode ee taban ayaa lagu daadanayaa silicon.
Ereyga warshadaha ayaa ah "silicon dhibic iyo dib u soo celinta lithium". Falanqeeyayaasha qaar ayaa sheegay in inta lagu gudajiro howsha dacwadda ee tamarta cusub, gaar ahaan haddii lagu dallaco si dhakhso ah loo isticmaalo, "nuugista lithium" ayaa dhici doonta, taas oo ah, lithium waa luntay. Kabitaanka Lithium waxay kordhin kartaa nolosha batteriga, halka silicon dhibic ay gaabin karto waqtiga degdegga degdegga ah ee lagu dallaco.
Xaqiiqdii, shirkadaha ay quseyso waxay si adag ugu shaqeynayaan hagaajinta nolosha batteriga. Markay ahayd Maarso 14, Nio ayaa sii daayay istiraatiijiyadda batteri ee cimri dheer. Kulankan, Nio ayaa soo bandhigtay in 150kw-ka-150kh ultra-ka-sare ee tamarta cufnaanta tamarta cufnaanta tamarta cufnaanta tamarta cufnaanta tamarta leh ay leedahay cufnaanta tamarta in ka badan 50% iyadoo la ilaalinayo isla mugga. Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, Weilai et7 waxaa lagu qalabeeyay batari 150-darajo ah oo loogu talagalay tijaabada dhabta ah, iyo nolosha batteriga CLTC waxay dhaaftay 1,000 kiiloomitir.
Intaas waxaa sii dheer, Nio waxay sidoo kale horumarisay 100kWh-ka-jilicsan ee CLP-ka-buugga-ku-meel-gaarka ah ee CBP-ka ee CLP-ka iyo Nidaamka 75kWn Ternary Ternary Ternary Treene-Lithiid Hyrium Hypriid. Unugyada batroolka ee waaweyn ee loo yaqaan 'Cyrindrical' ee loo yaqaan 'beyindrical'
Nio ayaa sheegay in salka ku haysa wareegga batteriga weyn, nolosha batteriga ayaa wali ilaalin kara 80% caafimaadka ka dib 12 sano, kaasoo ka sarreeya celceliska warshadaha ee 70% caafimaadka 80%. Hadda, Nio waxay la mid tahay catl si ay si wada jir ah u horumariyaan baytariyada nolosha dheer, iyadoo hadafku uu leeyahay heer caafimaad oo aan ka yarayn 85% marka nolosha batteriga ay dhamaato 15 sano.
Ka hor, tan, catl ayaa ku dhawaaqay 2020 in ay soo saartay "batteriga eber eber" oo gaari karta eber eber 1,500 wareeg. Marka loo eego dadku waxay aqoon u leeyihiin arrinta, batteriga waxaa loo adeegsaday mashaariicda kaydinta tamarta ee CATL, laakiin ma jiro wax war ah oo aan wali jirin anigoo weli ka jira garoonka rakaabka tamarta cusub.
Inta lagu jiro muddadan, catl iyo zhiji gawaarida ay si wada jir ah u dhisan yihiin korantada silica-silicon-zarik-ka, "weligood isku-darka, iyo cufnaanta tamarta ugu badan ee batteriga waxay gaari karaan 300W / kiiloomitir.
Babaarka iyo kor u qaadista baytariyada nolosha-dheer waxay leeyihiin ahmiyad gaar ah oo shirkadaha gawaarida, isticmaaleyaasha tamarta cusub iyo xitaa warshadaha oo dhan.
Marka ugu horeysa, shirkadaha gawaarida iyo soosaarayaasha batariga, waxay kordhisaa gorgortanka gorgortanka ee dagaalka si loo dejiyo heerka batteriga. Qof kasta oo sameyn kara ama dalban kara baytariyada nolosha-dheer marka hore waxay yeelan doonaan wax badan oo dhahaya oo ku mashquulsan suuqyo badan marka hore. Gaar ahaan shirkadaha xiiseynaya suuqa beddelaadda batteriga ayaa xitaa ka sii daran.
Sidii aan wada ognahay, dalkaygu wali ma uusan sameynin heerka batteriga ee mideysan marxaladdan. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, tikniyoolajiyadda beddelka batteriga waa garoonka tijaabada tijaabada ah ee loo yaqaan 'Pioneer Imtixaanka' ee heerka korantada. Xiin Guobin, Wasiirka Ku-xisbiga Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Teknolojiyadda Macluumaadka, ayaa cadeeyay bishii Juun ee sanadkii la soo dhaafay inuu wax ka baran lahaa nidaamka battejiyadda batteriga, isbarbardhiga batteriga, patterit-ka isdhaafsiga, borotokoolka isgaarsiinta iyo heerarka kale. Tani kaliya maahan oo keliya in ay kobciso is dhexgalka iyo awoodda baytariyada, laakiin sidoo kale waxay gacan ka geysaneysaa yareynta wax soo saarka iyo hagaajinta waxtarka wax soo saarka.
Shirkadaha ay ku habboon yihiin inay noqdaan qaybta caadiga ah ee suuqa beddelka batteriga ayaa dardar gelinaya dadaalkooda. Qaadashada Nio tusaale ahaan, iyadoo lagu saleynayo hawlgalka iyo jadwalka xogta batteriga, Nio ayaa kordhiyay wareegga nolosha iyo qiimaha baytariyada ee nidaamka jira. Tani waxay keenaysaa qolka si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha lagu hagaajinayo adeegyada kirada batteriga ee Baas. Adeegga kirada bata batroolka ee cusub, qiimaha kirada batroolka batabka ee caadiga ah ayaa la dhimay 980 yuan ilaa 728 yuan bil kasta, iyo xirmada batteriga ee muddada dheer lagu hagaajiyay 1,680 yuan ilaa 1,128 yuan bishii.
Dadka qaar waxay aamminsan yihiin in dhismaha awoodda awoodda ka dhex dhaca asxaabta ay la jaan qaadayaan hagida siyaasada.
Nio waa hoggaamiye ku yaal duurka kudhaca batteriga. Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, Weilai wuxuu soo galay heerka badbaadada batteriga qaranka "Dooro mid ka mid ah afar". At present, NIO has built and operated more than 2,300 battery swap stations in the global market, and has attracted Changan, Geely, JAC, Chery and other car companies to join its battery swap network. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka oo ay ka kooban yihiin Stut Stap Stap Stap Stap Inters 70,000 oo ku dheji batteriga maalin kasta, iyo illaa bishii Maarso ee sanadkan, waxay bixisay isticmaaleyaal leh 40 milyan oo batteri ah.
Bilaabadihii Nasinta ee Nio ee sida ugu dhaqsaha badan ee suuragalka ah ayaa ka caawin kara jagada suuqa badarka batteriga inay xasilloon tahay, waxayna sidoo kale kordhin kartaa miisaankeeda si uu u noqdo qof-nooceedka ah ee ku beddelashada batteriga. Isla mar ahaantaana, caannimada baytariyada nolosha dheer waxay ka caawin doontaa sumadaha inay kordhiyaan khidmadaha. Insider wuxuu yidhi, "Bayaasadiyado cimri dheer ayaa hadda loo isticmaalaa alaabada dhamaadka sare."
Macaamiisha, haddii ay bateriyada nolosha dheer la soo saaraan oo lagu rakibo gawaarida, guud ahaan uma baahna inay ku bixiyaan bedelka batteriga inta lagu gudajiro muddada damaanada, si dhab ah u xaqiijinaya "noloshaas isku mid ah ee gaariga iyo batteriga." Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgelin karaa inay si aan toos ahayn u yareynaysa kharashaadka beddelka baytariga.
In kasta oo ay ku nuuxnuuxsatay buugga dammaanadda dammaanadda tamarta ee cusub ee tamarta ee ah in batteriga lagu beddeli karo lacag la'aan inta lagu jiro muddada damaanada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, qofka yaqaan arinta ayaa sheegtay in beddelka batteriga oo bilaash ah uu ku xiran yahay xaalado. "Xaaladaha dhabta ah, beddelka bilaashka ah si dhif ah looma bixiyo, iyo beddelaad ayaa loo diidi doonaa sababo kala duwan awgood." Tusaale ahaan, astaan gaar ah ayaa liis gareynaya baaxadda aan damaanada lahayn, mid ka mid ah "isticmaal baabuur" inta lagu gudajiro nidaamka, qaddarka siidaynta batteriga waa 80% ka sareeya awoodda lagu qiimeeyo batteriga. "
Marka laga eego aragtidan, baytariyada nolosha dheer ayaa hadda ah ganacsi karti leh. Laakiin markii lagu sii dayn doono cabir ballaaran, waqtiga aan wali la go'aamin. Ka dib oo dhan, qof walba wuxuu ka hadli karaa aragtida tikniyoolajiyadda dib-u-buuxinta silikoolka ee loo yaqaan 'lowsium', laakiin wali waxay u baahan tahay xaqiijinta nidaamka iyo baaritaanka baaritaanka ka hor arjiyada ganacsiga. "Wareegtada horumarka ee tikniyoolajiyadda batari ee ugu horreeya ayaa qaadan doonta ugu yaraan labo sano," ayuu yidhi warshadaha warshadaha.
Waqtiga Post: Apr-13-2024